{"id":3307,"date":"2022-11-20T06:38:30","date_gmt":"2022-11-20T06:38:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/btla.eu\/bez-kategorii\/apparent-bankruptcy-how-to-protect-yourself-from-a-dishonest-debtor\/"},"modified":"2023-08-23T04:05:39","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T04:05:39","slug":"apparent-bankruptcy-how-to-protect-yourself-from-a-dishonest-debtor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/btla.eu\/en\/articles\/law\/apparent-bankruptcy-how-to-protect-yourself-from-a-dishonest-debtor\/","title":{"rendered":"Apparent bankruptcy &#8211; how to protect yourself from a dishonest debtor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/btla.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Projekt-bez-nazwy-9.jpg&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;100%&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_post_title meta=&#8221;off&#8221; featured_image=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; title_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11&#8243; title_font_size=&#8221;32px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;24px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11%22:%91%22title_text_color%22%93}&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Exo|300|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Each creditor entering into a bilateral obligation relationship hopes that not only will he perform the performance, but that it will also be fulfilled for his benefit. However, it often happens that the other party to the contractual relationship does not intend to perform its obligation, such as repayment of the loan, and thus takes all measures to effectively avoid it. Such actions, which are taken to the detriment of the creditor, have been penalized in the Polish Penal Code and are indicated in Art. 300-302 k.k. One of these actions is the apparent bankruptcy (Article 301 of the Penal Code).   <\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<div class=\"sfsi_widget sfsi_shortcode_container\"><div class=\"norm_row sfsi_wDiv \"  style=\"width:225px;text-align:left;\"><div style='width:40px; height:40px;margin-left:5px;margin-bottom:5px; ' class='sfsi_wicons shuffeldiv ' ><div class='inerCnt'><a class=' sficn' data-effect='scale' target='_blank' rel='noopener'  href='https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/btla-official\/' id='sfsiid_linkedin_icon' style='width:40px;height:40px;opacity:1;background:#b8a076;'  ><img data-pin-nopin='true' alt='LinkedIn' title='LinkedIn' src='https:\/\/btla.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/icons_theme\/flat\/flat_linkedin.png' width='40' height='40' style='' class='sfcm sfsi_wicon ' data-effect='scale'   \/><\/a><div class=\"sfsi_tool_tip_2 linkedin_tool_bdr sfsiTlleft\" style=\"opacity:0;z-index:-1;\" id=\"sfsiid_linkedin\"><span class=\"bot_arow bot_linkedin_arow\"><\/span><div class=\"sfsi_inside\"><div  class='icon4'><a href='https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/btla-official\/' target='_blank' rel='noopener'><img data-pin-nopin='true' class='sfsi_wicon' alt='LinkedIn' title='LinkedIn' src='https:\/\/btla.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/visit_icons\/Visit_us_linkedin\/icon_Visit_us_pl_PL.svg' \/><\/a><\/div><div  class='icon1'><script type=\"IN\/FollowCompany\" data-id=\"79071549\" ><\/script><\/div><div  class='icon2'><a target='_blank' rel='noopener' href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbtla.eu%2Fen%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F3307%2F\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sfsi_wicon\" data-pin-nopin= true alt=\"Share\" title=\"Share\" src=\"https:\/\/btla.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/share_icons\/Linkedin_Share\/pl_PL_share.svg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style='width:40px; 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<\/script><div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div><\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_post_title title=&#8221;off&#8221; meta=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_title][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Categories&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-17px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||27px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-01d52b91-888a-4360-8bf2-df06995b266a%22:%91%93}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;13px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_text_align_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_align_phone=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11%22:%91%22header_2_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><span>What exactly is sham bankruptcy?<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Exo|300|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The term of apparent bankruptcy is derived from the Penal Code and means a deliberate transfer of one&#8217;s assets or recklessly leading to insolvency in order to harm several creditors. This means that the provision of art. 301 k.k. it can be used only in a situation where there is one debtor, but several creditors have a claim against him, not necessarily from the same legal relationship. The provision itself divides the appearance of bankruptcy into three groups:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transfer of its assets to a new business unit;<\/li>\n<li>Bringing about your insolvency or bankruptcy<\/li>\n<li>Bringing about one&#8217;s insolvency or bankruptcy through reckless action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As can be seen from the above, individual paragraphs of Art. 301 k.k. include leading to apparent bankruptcy not only intentionally (\u00a7 1 and 2), but also unintentionally (\u00a7 3). Most of the actions taken by the debtor, which are unfavorable for the creditor, are included in the provisions.  <\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_text_align_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_align_phone=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11%22:%91%22header_2_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><span>What are the consequences of apparent bankruptcy?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Exo|300|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-387e26c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"387e26c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p>A significant part of the consequences result from the provisions of civil law and include, for example, the annulment of legal acts that were intended to circumvent the law (pursuant to Article 58 of the Civil Code). In addition, the debtor will be obliged to repay creditors, and an obligation that is fulfilled periodically (even in installments) may be made payable. Another aspect, which in turn results from the Penal Code, is criminal liability for taking such actions. This is punishable by restriction of liberty or imprisonment, even up to 5 years. Such severe consequences of actions result from the protective function of criminal law and the need to maintain legal certainty and economic transactions. Actions to the detriment of creditors are not permitted by law, and the measures indicated in civil law do not fully fulfill the basic functions of the law.     <\/p>\n<p><strong>If you have doubts about the honesty of the debtor and the legality of the actions he is taking, contact the Firm.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae37aa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae37aa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_4,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; global_module=&#8221;1875&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;link_option_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjE4MDEifX0=@&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; transform_styles__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_scale__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_translate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_rotate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_skew__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_origin__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_scale__hover=&#8221;103%|103%&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/btla.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/uslugi-doradcze-dla-firm-i-biznesu-20.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;consulting services for companies and business (20)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;2px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;link_option_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjE4MDEifX0=@&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;Exo|500|||||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11&#8243; header_4_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|||-35px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;|||-35px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;||10px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11%22:%91%22header_4_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Author:<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;link_option_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;12px&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11&#8243; header_3_font_size=&#8221;23px&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;gcid-58271bdb-1af7-4145-8bcc-67806f6894e4&#8243; header_4_font_size=&#8221;13px&#8221; header_5_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; header_5_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-28px|||-35px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;3px|||-35px||&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;-12px|||0px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjExNDQifX0=@&#8221; text_orientation_tablet=&#8221;justified&#8221; text_orientation_phone=&#8221;justified&#8221; text_orientation_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11%22:%91%22header_3_text_color%22%93,%22gcid-58271bdb-1af7-4145-8bcc-67806f6894e4%22:%91%22header_4_text_color%22%93}&#8221; transform_styles__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_scale__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; transform_translate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_rotate__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_skew__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_origin__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; transform_scale__hover=&#8221;103%|103%&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Grzegorz Streckbein<\/h3>\n<h4>Advocate<\/h4>\n<p><span>Advocate. He completed his legal studies at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Silesia in Katowice. <\/span><span>In his daily practice, he deals primarily with issues related to the day-to-day service of business entities, with particular emphasis on corporate service. His interests also include reorganization and mergers and acquisitions (M&amp;A) matters. <\/span><span>He advises management boards and supervisory boards of capital companies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Exo||||||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-7ccd80ce-ffc6-4066-8c38-8b5568e9cd11%22:%91%22header_3_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Contact a specialist<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_contact_form use_spam_service=&#8221;on&#8221; recaptcha_list=&#8221;Btlaeu|Btlaeu-0&#8243; recaptcha_min_score=&#8221;0.2&#8243; email=&#8221;kontakt@btla.eu&#8221; custom_message=&#8221;%%imie%%||et_pb_line_break_holder||%%email%%||et_pb_line_break_holder||%%telefon%%||et_pb_line_break_holder||%%wiadomosc%%||et_pb_line_break_holder||%%zgoda%%&#8221; 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